Warning

Warning: This site contains images and graphic descriptions of extreme violence and/or its effects. It's not as bad as it could be, but is meant to be shocking. Readers should be 18+ or a mature 17 or so. There is also some foul language occasionally, and potential for general upsetting of comforting conventional wisdom. Please view with discretion.

Tuesday, April 3, 2012

Abu Salim Hospital Massacre: Original Article

Started August 30, 2011 as Abu Salim Trauma "Hospital"
moved to a new post May 17, 2012

<< Abu Salim Hospital Massacre

This really upsetting slice of the unfolding Tripoli massacres mysteries is of particular gravity. Those who witnessed the scene have almost universally called it one of the most upsetting things they'd seen in the war so far, or anywhere ever.

Up-front special note: What few of them even noticed, like most Tripoli massacres, this one is mostly of black people. Unlike the others known so far, this one included women and children found dumped amid the scene of mass execution and bestial bloodletting.

The story came to me first primarily from Andrew Simmons, reporting for al Jazeera English August 26. (article/video link, embedded video below). This was apparently the first report for everyone that triggered a confused little one-day avalanche of coverage there. As he said in an interview with American NPR, "we were called to the hospital by a bystander on the street who seemed very distressed. When we arrived, we were confronted with this horrific image of a dead body on a gurney outside the hospital," and then the rest of the horror show.

And for good measure, another video report by the BBC's John Simpson, an old propaganda hack (original report and video). He has Muammar Gaddafi responsible for the misery there, poetically anyway: "in one ward, colonel Gaddafi's picture smiles down genially over the horror." That particular room couldn't even be shown to us, it was so grisly, but that madman was there, grinning over it from the wall.

They should all, by all rights, be messed up for life from seeing the scene of Abu Salim trauma hospital under rebel management. (See also, on their philosophies in the field, Video Study: Hospital Brutality.) Nineteen corpses were dumped outside along with garbage, Simmons noted. The one in the foreground is interesting, after I found a separate photo of it, enhanced a bit into this image I needn't show here. It looks rather discolored and decayed, with all flesh stripped off the forearm, elbow to wrist. Who did that, and why? A stray dog, perhaps.

The inside of the hospital was no less grim. Trails and pools of dried blood, several layers deep in spots, maggots, desolation, no staff from any party to be seen, and an "acrid, sickly smell" of death gave it that unique ambience. The smell n particular was the number one story of the day, especially per Simpson's reportage. One room, usually the sick ward, is simply stuffed full of the deceased, at least ten of them we can see, apparently 21 total. They lay inert on on blood-smeared gurneys, covered in paper sheets. Two black men at least have their heads or a naked leg sticking out. At least two others seem to be black-skinned judging by hair and/or the covers' transluscency, and the others I just can't tell. Segregated hospital?

Death Toll: 75-200+ (??)
The guy al Jazeera talked with (see below) said "I think more than 100" deceased persons were currently stuck at the hospital.  Simmons said "we left unable to verify the total number of dead. We saw 39 bodies. One had said up to 150 are kept there." Hadeel al-Shalchi wrote for the Associated Press on August 26 that "One hospital room had 21 bodies lying on gurneys, while 20 others were in the hospital's courtyard next to the parking lot — all of them darker skinned than most Libyans, covered with blankets."

The BBC reported on August 26 (above link), after Simspon's visit, that "more than 200 decomposing bodies" were in there, including "corpses of men, women and children on beds and in the corridors." I haven't yet seen any women or children among the dead, and presume the number is small. Simmons said to NPR "We could make out men and some women, only a few. We didn't see any children."

The usual accusation of regime authorship for these deaths has been muted, but the BBC reported that, apparently per Mr. Simpson, "some residents accused the regime of murdering those at the hospital." Al Jazeer'as Simmons told NPR "there were stories of executions taking place near to the hospital. The Gadhafi force, operatives, just completely indiscriminately shooting people at close range - civilians." And an AFP video included a caption saying the patients were "attacked by pro-Kadhafy Snipers" before dying there of neglect. No source is cited for the caption.

AP Photo, Francois Mori, Aug 26
But as we can see again, from the photo at left, the former sick ward contained apparently nothing but black men like the rebels kill, including at least one who was apparently beheaded (the one with his hand still out in protest) right there in his hospital bed. Also, the one in the foreground has some kind of breathing tube in his mouth, and another in the back has a cast on his left foot, so likely all patients there when murdered.

Also consider, if these bodies were put in the room because they were dead, why did they gush so much blood in the same room to plaster the floor like we see here? Other photos and videos confirm it's a thick layer almost wall-to-wall, and usually the dead or even marginally tended (wheeled around) injured, don't gush buckets of blood. I suspect several jugulars were cut open in this room.

Another AP story from August 28 agreed on the general racial makeup of the dead, and the ambiguity of how they got that way, but found a much lower estimate of their number being offered:
It remains unclear who is responsible for some of the other killings, including of [sic] dozens of dark-skinned men whose bodies were found in two areas of Tripoli. Reporters saw bodies in advanced stages of decomposition at Abu Salim hospital, including in the parking lot, a ward and in the basement. Barakat, the health minister, said a total of 75 corpses were found at the hospital.
Canadian CTV, August 27, while claiming perplexity on who's crime(s) were on display, had valuable clues on at least two victims:
It is unclear how the men, women and children died. The bodies we saw were those of Gadhafi loyalists who were wounded in battle. A poster of Moammar Gadhafi presided over a room slick with blood, water and maggots.

At least two men were shot in their beds. They were on the second floor covered with blankets. As the gurneys were wheeled away you could see where a bullet had passed through the pillow. The blood on the wall hinted at an execution. One of the bodies had a Libyan military card identifying him as a special forces member.

Nobody there claimed to know whether it was Gadhafi or rebel gunmen who executed them. I asked one doctor to give his opinion on how long the two men had been dead. He estimated two or three days, then shook his head and walked down the blood-streaked corridor.
Sky News went further, saying in their video report "dozens of men were shot dead in this hospital in what can only be described as an execution." They too hedge their bets on the killers, but hint as they cannot avoid that it was probably other regime loyalists.

The Living Patients: A Colorful and Chilling Mix
The living are terrifying to see as well, as Simmons' crew with al Jazeera recorded them. One they showed that sticks with you is a smallish, delerious, nearly naked black man laying at an odd angle on his bed, with "severe abdominal injuries," all but convulsing and, I almost hoped, very near to death's solace. He does have tubes and bandages and what looks like a full colostomy bag, but no one was there at the moment to tend to him or the other six or more black victims lined up in their hospital beds on one side of the room (or is this a different room entirely from where the Arab patients are?)

The Arab patients seem better tended to and an interesting bunch. One man speaks freely (in Arabic, untranslated here), apparently a "Freedom Fighter." Another unconscious man with a bullet in his spine, it's said, isn't able to give us many clues. Another man looks away from the camera with the same grim intensity that I've seen on captured Gaddafi loyalists, but never this fierce. His face is laced with crusty burns, and his right arm missing, but for a stub.

Another patient is a fair, nice-looking boy, about twelve, who had a bullet (government, no doubt) removed from his chest and is recovering fine. Not to sound flippant, but was this his x-ray perchance? (see: The Sniped Tykes of Misrata?)  He flashes the rebel victory sign and pumps his fist, while looking at someone off-camera expectantly, as if to say "am I doing this right?" I hope I didn't get him beaten to a pulp for publicly noting that I saw that.

The Guardian noted on August 26 that "the International Red Cross have now evacuated the hospital, with 21 seriously sick, including a boy with a bullet wound to the chest and a male civilian with a round in his spine." Speaking to NPR the same day, Andrew Simmons confirmed that exactly 21 patients had been removed by the Red Cross. That's a small crew of living for such a huge pool of dead. Clearly the rebels thought of it more as a morgue and storehouse than a real hospital. I'm happy to hear the living were taken, and swiftly, the hell out of that disgusting and dangrous environment.

Staff Rollover
The old, presumably loyalist staff was just gone. It's said they fled from the intense fighting, "leaving seven medics," Simmons reported, and "only two of them are doctors." As I explain below, it's not entirely clear the current staff was "left" as a remainder of the old. But everyone who hears the current staff speak gets the same impression. The BBC's Simpson heard from his rebel minders/sources: "the hospital staff here all ran away days ago because of the fighting." Did they "run away like rats?"

Surgeons and nurses in a war zone, likely hardcore loyalists in the last Gaddafi holdout area, just fleeing their stations as their compatriots lay bleeding to death in the field or in their own care? And they never once came back after things mellowed out? Of course, the rebels might retort with the usual subtlety, "the regime was wicked, its people weak and corrupt..."

Ideally, there are two main ways a dedicated and professional medical team will flee from the intense fighting, both when their own lives are in imminent danger: if the walls are literally coming down from shelling, or gunmen storm in and start shooting at them. In the latter case, it might be too late to run, and the building seems totally intact. Although Hadeel al-Shalchi noted for AP that "medical equipment was strewn about."

Photo: Reuters, Youssef Boudlal, Aug 26
At right is a photo of the blood-smeared floor that's extremely interesting as evidence. In the foreground is what looks a bit like the blood-splatter of someone's brains blasted out right there, with most of the actual brain matter scooped up before the cameras arrived. At least two other similar areas of blood-spray, and as many as six, are also visible here, suggesting together that at least three, and as many as seven people were executed in this very stretch of hallway.

Furthermore, as Mr. al-Shalchi noted elsewhere, at least one doctor in his medical gown was found floating in a canal. I did find a canal in the satellite imagery of the area, which showed it dry but about one kilometer down the freeway east of the hospital (see left).

The Guardian on August 26 explained that the Abu Salim trauma hospital "was the front line hospital as rebels closed in on Tripoli," suggesting as I have that it was run by solid loyalists. But by their sources, it "has been abandoned for five days after medical staff fled sniper fire." Other sources agree on the approximate time span, at least per their rebel sources. This has the caregivers running from snipers, presumably government ones and the same ones that shot the nice kid, back on August 21, before the rebels were really even inside Tripoli. Other sources agree on what they were told, leaving virtually no possibility that the rebels themselves cleared it.  As CTV reported on August 27:
We were told that doctors and staff abandoned the hospital during fierce fighting. That was nearly a week ago. When rebels took control of the area a few days ago doctors returned to the hospital, which by then was effectively a mass morgue.
But in reality, and considering all the evidence so far, the staff probably went away - and stayed away for good - starting a day or so later than that, and it might have been from not doing enough fleeing - just like the special forces soldier and the other government loyalist patient CTV's people saw, and likely others, who were executed in their beds.

Whatever we make of the lack of doctors, what kind of ambulances continued delivering the wounded to a place with none? The BBC's Simpson just cited it as a weird fact. The staff disappeared "but seriously injured people kept on being brought in. Dozens of them, perhaps as many as a hundred altogether. And here, they died of their injuries, entirely untreated." One clue as to who's responsible for this sickening mass neglect is the obvious fact that the people dropped off there to die and rot were primarily black men of the type rebels have been slaughtering non-stop for months in city after city. They did also by by this time have plenty of trucks and general free reign over the whole city.

The one staff member al Jazeera's Simmons talked with is described as a surgical technician, name not given.  He seems fairly young, despite the dark, deepset eyes and thinning hair. He walks with great ease and confidence to be any loyalist, although his allegiance wasn't specified. He's apparently been working there for days, saying that two patients died when electricity was cut two days earlier. He does not, on camera, rush around doing what he can to tend to the living. Instead he acts, I thought, as if he's written them off anyway. He simply shows them to the world, slowly, asking for their help to ease this horror that, quite clearly, was left to them by the fleeing regime.

He's clearly a rebel sympathizer at least, perhaps a fighter, and possibly involved in the clearing out, by execution, of the old staff. Serious investigation is requred here to break the "blame Gaddafi" trance. I fear it will not be allowed, now that we're trying to convince ourselves Freedom has come to Libya.
---
Additional finds, perhaps to be worked-in later:
A short BBC video, little of value:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUQX1SPuma4

Two more videos from AFP
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_ZbRquT7TU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gm_1HNwx6IU
The second says the patients were "attacked by pro-Kadhafy Snipers." It shows armed rebels directing the crew in, the basement morgue, several black men in adjacent rooms, one somewhat close, floor stained red and a strange yellow from the blood.

The first shows the chest-shot boy taken out, Mohammed by name, and his mother, who didn't know where he was, was worried he was dead. There are also two black men injured in a car crah, it's said, one of whom sings the hospital's praises for fixing him right up just fine.

Two more links were linked on a useful page I had passed over earlier. Little Mohammed gets a central role in this Euronews video dispatch. His father is weeping strangely, and specifies he'd been looking for the kid five days. Again, everything at the hospital happened August 26 - they happened to find him just moments before the Red Cross Crescent people took him to Tripoli hospital, where he'd be examined. He's shown shirtless carried to gurney. As with the other sniped tykes I've studied, he seems to have no visible injuries, stiffness, or any sign of having an adult-sized bullet enter his body and damage a damn thing. All this adds is a "human interest" bright spot to this unexplained scene of vaguely-explained horror. I believe quite firmly now the boy at least was staged.

The Telegraph had an article and video I had missed before. It gives the death toll as "up to 80." It's filmed a little later, during the clean-up. Bodies are placed in plastic bags, folded up and the bags cinched at the top, so they can be carried like real garbage bags. One man who seems shocked and on the level says he heard up to 200 bodies were there, but he'd only seen 40 or 50, and heard there were an equal number upstairs. Another guy present, not in nurse/cleanup clothes, points to a dead black man on a gurney, and says "?? Muammar Gaddafi," and repeats it for emphasis. The doing of? A mercenary of?

The article cites Mohammed Yunis, a "medical-student-turned-nurse" turned-again-cleanup worker for the leavings of someone's barbarity. "It is a disaster," he said. "There is no more medicine in the hospital, no more medical personnel. They all left for fear of the snipers." The same snipers, one presumes, that injured the "patients" there...

And Felix alerts me in the comments that Gulf Arab news channel al Aan had a dispatch from there as well, posted on Youtube August 27. It shows bodies on gurneys outside, covered but with bits sticking out - a black hand coated in flies, another black arm, the lighter-skinned feet (one strangely puffed-up) of a man in camouflage pants. At least two empty gurneys among those piles show massive bloodletting occurred on them. Inside are hallways cleaned spic and span, but everyone still wearing masks and hiding from the smell. The Arabic interviews might be of use to an Arabic-speaker.

The 19/20 bodies dumped outside are shown, piled helter-skelter among clothing, foam pads, bedding, cardboard boxes ... things people trying to flee a city at war might carry (maybe in some of the ransacked cars left abandoned all over the area?). Again, they seem to be primarily dark-skinned would-be refugees.

Re-Posts 
of this article (some version, sorry I re-edit so much) and/or the urgent appeal summary:

English: Uruknet: http://uruknet.com/?p=m80955&hd=&size=1&l=e, http://www.uruknet.info?new=81290
Others re-posted from there.

French: Michel Collon, Sept.14, translated to French! http://www.michelcollon.info/Appel-Urgent-abus-des-rebelles-non.html
Made into a PDF! Passed on by other Francophones, like Miss Libyana!

Spanish: Not quite a re-post but heavily derivative, and again translated! http://www.ciaramc.org/ciar/boletines/cr_bol391.htm

"Freedom" Fighter Censorship
Rebel postings that lean towards this being, of course, a regime crime in any possible way:
http://www.libyafeb17.com/2011/08/video-trauma-at-abu-salim-hospital/
http://feb17.info/media/video-trauma-at-tripolis-abu-salim-hospital/
The content is just al Jazeera's original video with a little commentary. The comments beneath are fascinating, though mine don't seem to have appeared, and now the pages won't even load. One had a comment from "Fredy," complaining of some alleged bias by "Amenity International" against the rebels, causing them to have "no opinion" on this obvious rebel crime. He calls the rebels "warm hearted and brave," and says by exposing the gov't crimes at the hospital, they are bringing "SANITY" back to Libya. My response was this:
Fredy, with the utmost irony you've gotten it. Backwards, but you got it.
"What we saw on this video is called war crimes. Actually is total disregard for other people’s lives. ... What we see on this video is an act of coward who want to rule with terror."
 
Indeed. Here's the situation at the hospital:
Said: Old staff ran away from gov't snipers just before FFs got there
Fact: Blood spatters like gun executions on the floor
Said: Patients in there injured by gov't snipers, died of neglect
Fact: Some patients shot in their bed (gov't loyalists/soldiers)
Fact: The dead are almost 100% black men
Fact: One black patient was beheaded in his hospital bed
Fact: The rebels now in charge are the ones missing massacre clues and saying the staff "ran away."

How hard is that math? Warm hearted and brave, bringing SANITY in place of psychopaths. Everywhere they liberate, horrible things were happening just before - not just after - they got there.
If powerful people remain silent on this cluster of crimes, as they are doing, people like Fredy shouldn't complain about the obvious, insanely devoted, and criminal pro-rebel bias that shows.

Seriously - world leaders, readers, crusaders, anyone ... the math on this is not hard. People will be able to see some day this and perhaps the larger holocaust this is the nose-above-the-water to. They will ask questions about why you remained silent and allowed it to continue. Answer them, truthfully, "I didn't."

Update Oct. 6: I've got a video on this now, posted here along with some assorted observations I made while editing it, especially on the parking lot victims and how I think they were civilians caught trying to run away from liberation. Not always allowed.

Also, I checked for updates on any investigations of this particularly heinous event. All I found newer than late August was this report from "Ricky" with Press TV, on the hospital's re-opening on September 14.  It says in part "the staff fled and 164 patients died. [!!!] Civilians and fighters alike, their corpses left all over the building to rot." Clearly, the fuzzy first impression hadn't cleared up in their minds with weeks to consider the known facts. "Libya seems ready to move forward and turn the page on the Gadaffi years, The reopening of the Abu Salim hospital is a firm and welcome step in this direction." As is the all-but-guaranteed lack of a real investigation into just what happened there.

Monday, April 2, 2012

Shed Massacre Witness List (Old Post)

September 2, 2011
last update April 2, 2012



<< New Witness List Link, April 2 - 66 (alleged) escapee entries, at least three of them down to one man (but still separate stories, so listed separately). Also, 24 witnesses of other types.

Notes, April 2: I'm proud to have started this testament to skepticism on September 2, less than a week after news of the massacre first surfaced. It grew, as did the discussion. New comments stopped taking on this thread in January - at 207, it had gotten full. Also, I accidentally deleted the post content around then. I had the info elsewhere, and was still finding new stuff, which continued development mostly offline.

After that, I started a separate post for further comments, and later re-vamped the witness list, which is now posted here (same link as above, not fully complete ATM) and the sources previously included here are expanded at this post to cover the witnesses and everything in the shed massacre report. Plenty of fresh comments space at either link. Nothing here except the somewhat valuable comments.


Sunday, April 1, 2012

Gaddafi's Revolutionary Nuns: Raped by Gaddafi and Friends?

December 10, 2011
last update April 10, 2012

The late allegations that Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi had sexuallyassaulted his famous female bodyguards could, as far as I know, be true. But they do have a troubling whiff of the demonizing claims so often proven false in other areas.

I haven't studied it closely, but need a spot to let some of my readers/contributors to do much of the work for me.

Five Speak Up
Gaddafi ‘raped’ his female bodyguards. By Mark Micallef, The Times (Malta). August 28, 2011.
http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20110828/local/Gaddafi-raped-his-female-bodyguards.382085
Five women who formed part of Muammar Gaddafi’s select unit of female bodyguards are claiming they were raped and abused by the now hunted dictator. 
The women have told Benghazi-based psychologist Seham Sergewa they were sexually abused by Col. Gaddafi and his sons before being discarded once they were “bored” with them.

A pattern emerged in the stories. The women would be first raped by the dictator and then passed on, like used objects, to one of his sons and eventually to high-ranking officials for more abuse before eventually being let go.

The disturbing claims form part of a dossier being collated by Dr Sergewa for the International Criminal Court and possible trials that Col. Gaddafi and members of his inner circle may face in Libya if and when they are captured alive.

However, her work does not stop with the bodyguards. The women only stepped forward after the psychologist started investigating claims of systematic rape, allegedly committed by loyalist troops during the conflict.

No trial, but plenty of bullshit ready to go just in case. On the "dossier" of this Dr. Sergawa's (also given as Sergewa) it's been mentioned before, by people from the ICC (Moreno-Ocampo) and US State Department, for example. But it hasn't panned out very well on evidence and logic grounds, and that doesn't bode well for the veracity of this new alleged class-action accusation. Even the New York Times managed to convey previous skepticism of her sexual violence work in Libya, claiming to have located back in March at least 259 victims of systematic regime-ordered rape. As the UN's esteemed - and none-too pro-Gaddafi - investigator M. Cherif Bassiouni explained about Sergawa, without naming her:
[Bassiouni] also cited the case of a woman who claimed to have sent out 70,000 questionnaires and received 60,000 responses, of which 259 reported sexual abuse.

However, when the investigators asked for these questionnaires, they never received them.

"But she's going around the world telling everybody about it ... so now she got that information to Ocampo and Ocampo is convinced that here we have a potential 259 women who have responded to the fact that they have been sexually abused," Mr Bassiouni said.

He also pointed out that it did not appear to be credible that the woman was able to send out 70,000 questionnaires in March when the postal service was not functioning.
Tangentially Related / Possibly Confused Cases
See: Gaddafi's Girl Executioner: Really?

Another Non-Bodyguard, But Gaddafi-Related
Libya: Gaddafi’s Sex Slave Tells of Orgies and Rape
By Anissa Haddadi. International Business Times, November 21, 2011
http://uk.ibtimes.com/articles/253160/20111121/libya-gaddafi-s-sex-slave-tells-orgies.htm

This former five-year sex slave for col. Gaddafi, self-described, escaped and fled to France back in 2009. "She was able to return to Libya only when the Gaddafi regime collapsed."


Shed Massacre Witness List, Re-Vamped

April 1, 2012
(incomplete, last edits April 4)

<< Khamis Brigade Shed Massacre
      << Report: A Question Mark Over Yarmouk

The rest of the entries, fuller formatting, more images, etc. forthcoming.

Sources - to check what [HL] means and what the source says

(Alleged) Massacre Escapees, First-Hand (28)
Top line (if known): name, age, profession, hometown, time of detention (at Yarmouk if not specified).

1 – Mabrouk/Muftar Abdullah, 45, teacher, Zlitan. Held about 6-8 days.
Mabrouk Abdullah, 45, was shot in his side. [HL] [KL] An unnamed survivor who was “shot in his side” showed the healed wound on video, Aug 28. [TV] Visibly the same man shows off different marks on his back, and is named as Muftar Abdullah Aslitni, 45, a teacher. Aslitni could be a misunderstanding of his city of origin, making him a Zlitani. [JR] Mabrouk Abdallah spoke to Le Figaro [LF] “Abdullah,” arrested in Zlitan, was “shot and wounded in his side.” [AP] Moftar Abdallah from the town of Zlitan. [CH] Facebook list of 40, entry #1. [FB1] Manner of escape: “[Abdullah] fled the hanger. He hid outside when soldiers returned and fired on other survivors. When they left, he escaped.” [AP] Injuries: Covered. The gunshot is from the massacre, he says, but it's only been three days and its totally healed. The lesser injuries on his back aren't explained, but considering the patterns below, likely from his detention in Zlitan.

2 – Abdel Salaam Ashour, 42, teacher, Zlitan
Manner of escape/Injuiries: “Some of us dived to the floor, and some of us ran. They shot my leg. We were all screaming.” [NYP] [JL] Facebook list #24 Abdul Salam Mohammed Ashour [FB1]


Fathallah weeping [OG]
3 - Fathallah Abdullah al Ashter, 70, Zlitan, held less than a week.
Fathallah Abdullah [OG] Fathallah Abdullah Al Ashter, 70 [JR] Arrested with his three sons in Zlitan in mid-August. Filmed weeping over his three lost sons – two for sure dead (Ibrahim and Abdul Hakim), and one, Ali, possibly alive but missing. [OG] Facebook list, entry #5. [FB1]. Manner of escape: “When another prisoner kicked open the warehouse door Fathallah ran for cover and managed to hide under a truck.” [OG] Injuries: none mentioned.

4 - Tahir Ahmed El Bahbah, 16/17 (Zlitan?), held four days
Arrested August 18 ten o'clock at night, with three cousins (Ali Mohamed el Bahbah, Abdulaziz Faraj el-Bahbah, Abdullah Abdul Razak el-Bahbah). They were transferred to Yarmouk on the 19th, saw an attempted escapee killed on the 20th. El-Bahbah says they were set free by a guard named Abdul Razak Baroni, prior to the massacre. Manner of Escape: he mentions jumping, walls, and houses (translation was confusing). Injuries: “wounded in my shoulder by bullet and shrapnel...” [FB3] Facebook list #28 [FB1]

5 - Abdulrahim Ibrahim Bashir, 25, Gadames, Held three months
Bashir counted 153 names read out during roll call the day of the execution, and was the only witness to soldiers shooting down through the roof. Death toll, app. 133 (“he estimated that 20 escaped”). Manner of escape: “I ran out the door and jumped over the wall. I was not wounded, hamdullah. They just shot and killed us.” Hid in a house with escapees Abdulsalam and Hussein, brothers from Zliten, Hussein was wounded and later died in Bashir’s arms, but his body was left to rot in that house. Injuries: none. [HR]

6 – Mohammed Bashir, 52, held less than a week
Mohammed Bashir,  
Rowan Griffiths photo [MF]
The CIWCL considers it possible this is the same man also listed as #21 Bashir al-Sidek and thus also #18, Omar. However, it’s possible they just look similar and share similar names and some account details. Spoke to UK Daily Mirror [MF] and seen amongst survivors and family meeting Ban Ki Moon in November [VBM] “We were put in the metal building last week after being transferred from other prisons.” During the massacre, which he gives as Tuesday (the 23rd) “he hid behind an empty gas canister” to avoid a second round of shooting, but “that’s when they poured petrol in and set it alight. They were trying to hide evidence but people were still alive. I could hear them scream.” Manner of escape: “My friends and I ran through a hole in the wall and tried to escape across the compound.” Injuries: none. [MF]

7 - Aamir Benowen, 26, Tripoli, held three months.
Injuries: Seen badly injured, tortured, at Tripoli Medical Center by Global Post, Tracey Shelton – broken ribs, massive bruising, multiple stab wounds, a ”sliced open” neck, spoke through a respirator. This was from an attack in the shed four days before the massacre, which no one confirms. He was presumed dead, left unconscious and unaided by anyone, yet witnessed the massacre and survived. Manner of escape: unexplained, despite rather requiring an explanation. [GPS]

#8 Said Falba, From "What 
Happened at Yarmouk" [FGM]
8 – Said Mohammed Falba, Computer professional, held four months.
This name in Arabic, a photo, and a partial account were found at a Facebook page, but the CIWCL did not save the photo, full content, or the link and have been unable to relocate any of it. Therein, Mr. Falba said he worked for Sun Microsystems, apparently in Tripoli, arrested with others from the company on suspicion of feeding NATO coordinates, and sent to Yarmouk. One direct translated quote: “Said Mahmoud Falba a survivor of the Holocaust, which [happened at] Yarmouk camp, 32nd brigade ... the story of the Holocaust from the hell of prison escape...” [?anyone help prior to publication?] The same face, unnamed, is seen in What Happened at Yarmouk, giving details. He says the prisoners broke out on their own but the guards, in an effective ambush, immediately started shooting, sweeping them back inside, where they re-locked the doors and kept killing them. Manner of escape: not explained. [FGM] Injuries: He walks with a cane, possibly related to the massacre. It’s not explained, if so.

9 - Amr Dau Algala (al-Gala), Tripoli, 34, police officer, held at least 5 days
Apparently Munir El Goula’s Brother (see below). A former police officer, tasked with decoding messages for the government, he refused and started organizing resistance. Arrested with brothers, taken to Abu Salim prison at least two days, and the shed for at least 3 days more. He doesn’t specift how many brothers were with him and how many escaped, only mentioning one, Abdullah, who he fears died. Cited death toll of 60. Suggests fire during the massacre. Manner of escape: “We were all shouting and we ran out. We climbed over that wall and we ran through the houses.” Injuries: He showed marks where his wrists were bound with wire. [KS] Nothing else mentioned, but Mounir el-Goula’s brother walked stiffly, as if injured, when they were filmed August 25. [LH]

10 – Mansour Tarar Gazi, 30 (Zlitan?)
A Tarrar Gazi, 30, escaped with Moustapha el-Etri. [JT] A “Taha” escaped with Mustafa. Atiri, and both were taken in by Ahmed al-Farjani. [RWN] Facebook list of 40, Mansour Tarrar (Taha) Gazi [FB1] Manner of Escape: He imitated Mustafa El-Hitri. [JT] Nothing further.

11 - Munir Al-Goula (and brother)Tripoli, Mansoura district, held three days
Interviewed Aug. 25. Arrested August 20 along with three brothers, he managed to escape with one of them (shown on video but silent and unnamed, apparently Amr Dau Algala above), and two remained missing. Only one, Abdullah, merited mention as presumed dead. Munir cites a death toll of “20 soldiers and more than a hundred prisoners.” Manner of escape: “He says somehow he escaped.” Injuries: none mentioned. [LH]


graphic, left to right: Munir el-Goula [LH], Amr Dau Algala [KS], Munir’s brother [LH]

12 - Abdulatti Musbah Haleem, 43, cement buyer, Zlitan, held a few days
Interviewed August 25, he was arrested “last week.,” transferred to Yarmouk shortly. Cited 200 prisoners total, only18 surviving. [DT] “The guards told us that it was all over and we were going to go home that day.” One of the guards “said he would unlock the door and all we had to do was undo the latch and then we could escape,” but “the first of us went out and were met with a hail of bullets…” [DT] Manner of escape: “After the firing stopped he and about 30 others ran out through a hole they had made in the hangar wall. “Some of us did not make it because they started shooting again.” Injuries: Burns and shackle marks visible, from “captivity in Zliten.” Stated injuries (not shown): “hit by bullets and shrapnel but managed to run behind a stack of tires which offered some protection.” [DT]

13 - Ali Hamouda
A survivor recognized by Fathallah Abdullah al-Ashter, confirms some soldiers taken out and killed first. “Outside the warehouse [Fathallah] greeted another survivor, Ali Hamouda, with a sombre handshake. Ali was uninjured but told us his cousin was among the dead.” [OG] Manner of Escape: Unspecified, but would probably have confirmed Fathallah if given the chance. Injuries: None.

14 - Mustafa Abdullah El-Hitri, 26/27, lawyer, held one day
Unnamed to Sky News [SN2] Mustafa Abdullah El Hitri, 26 [AL] Mustafa Abdullah Atiri, 27 [RWN] Moustapha el-Etri, 27 [JT] El-Hitri in photos [SM3]. Arrested Aug. 19, moved to shed just before the massacre. [JD] Witnessed Khamis Gaddafi giving the massacre order. [AL] [RWN] Manner of escape: He was “encouraged to make a run for it by a guard named as Abdul Razak, who opened the barn doors while the execution detail went to reload their weapons” [AL] He escaped with “Taha” [RWN] or was followed by Gazi Tarar [JT]. “After running from the warehouse, they leapt over a low wall at the far end of the prison, then sprinted between empty houses and farms. They could hear the whine of bullets slicing into the fields around them.” Both were taken in by a local family, then dumped in a nearby town, where loyalists threatened to kill them, until local Ahmed al-Farjani saved them and took them in. [RWN] Injuries: walked with a limp a week after [RWN] but not four days after [SN2] nor likely when leaping over walls and dodging bullets.

15 – Hussein al-Lafi, 40 Az Zawiya, held nearly two months
A father of five, al-Lafi was arrested with three brothers on 29 June, frequently beaten. During the massacre, “I couldn’t see anything from the smoke. People were screaming and there were many more rounds of fire.” “his three brothers were killed while attempting to escape,” Amnesty International reported early on Aug. 26, after speaking with him. “When the shooting finally stopped, I got up and started looking for my brothers.” He remained there in peace long enough to discover Jamal, 44, dead. Osama [aged 31], was “shot in the heart and had other wounds on his leg,” and passed away. Mohamed, 52, was bleeding from his thigh, and died. Manner of escape: Others had been lingering with him. After confirming his three brothers were dead, “I then escaped with three more people through the back of the hangar.” [AI] Injuries: None mentioned.

16 – Abdelbasset Said Maoma/Amauma, 49, Zlitan
Back in Zlitan on Sept. 2 “Abul [sic] Basit Saad Maoma, 49” showed Seamus Murphy scars from captivity there, before his transfer to Yarmouk, “where he survived the massacre of up to 150 men.” [SM 2] Facebook list #8: Abdelbasset Said Amauma [FB1] Injuries: Again, from Zlitan but not from the massacre.

17 - Ahmed Mohammed, 25
“Ahmed Mohammed,25, also said he survived the massacre and told a similar story [to Mabrouk Abdullah's]. Neither knew how many had been killed nor how and when the bodies had been burned.” [AP] Nothing further.

18 - “Mohammad” (pseudonym), Az Zawiya, held two months.
Interviewed by Physicians for Human Rights 9-11 September 2011. [PHR p.23]. Arrested June 15, badly beaten by two Tawerghans with “poor Arabic,” transferred to Yarmouk the 18th. Spent two weeks in prison trucks there, the rest in the shed. On the 23rd, guard Mustafa warned them to flee, and said he would unlock the door for them. The prisoners chanted Allahu Akbar loud enough two guards came over and found the doors unlocked. One of them yelled “who opened the coffin?” while the other stepped in “and reportedly fired his nine-millimeter pistol” at two Misrata captives, killing one. They stepped back out and started firing their Kalashnikovs and lobbing grenades in cycles. Manner of escape: PHR reports “At one point one of the soldiers’ weapons jammed, and one of the detainees picked up a metal object and threw it at the soldier while he ran out of the warehouse.” The soldier got his gun working and the shot the man down, but another prisoner “grab[bed] a fire extinguisher and, while running past the soldier, create a cloud of smoke so he could safely escape,” along with others who used the soke screen and scattered. Mohammad was one of the last two to leave. He and his companion ran “toward the back compound wall where the trucks with the shells” were parked and climbed over.” Injuries: Mohammad’s injuries were extensively studied by PHR. He suffered various injuries from tight wrist-binging, stomping, beating, and flogging. Much or all of this was from initial detention, none from the massacre itself. [PHR p.26]

19 – “Omar” (pseudonym), Az Zawiya, car-dealer, held 95 days
Shared details with #22 Bashir el-Sedik, suggesting the same man: held 95 days, cites a massacre on the 22nd instead of 23rd, smokes cigarettes (which soldiers stole), accused of helping people flee to Tunisia, plus funding the rebel cause with his car business. He drove a Mercedes-Benz. [PHR] “Omar” spoke to Physicians for Human Rights on September 9. “According to Omar, he was the longest-serving detainee at the Agricultural Compound,” jailed with his nephew, who was apparently released soon after. Two of his cars were stolen and brought there to taunt him. He cites a 22 August massacre, after guard Mustafa tried to set them all free (turning down a fat bribe).[PHR] Manner of escape: “…he hid behind some tires and farm equipment. When there was a pause in the shooting, detainees rushed the door and ran in all directions. Some were shot dead while others, like Omar, managed to escape safely by scaling the wall of the compound.” [PHR] Injuries: None mentioned by PHR – they offered only a psychological assessment focusing on his frequent sobbing.

Mounir Massoud Own and
Arwa Damon, CNN video
20 - Muneer Masoud Own, 33, manual laborer, held less than a month.
Arrested with his younger brother in early August, location unspecified (Tripoli?). Lost track of his brother in the escape – he’s presumed dead. Own spoke to CNN’s Arwa Damon late on the 28th. [CNN1][CNN2] [CNN3] Manner of escape: “Mounir made a run for it. “I ran away. I jumped over that wall (pointing southwest). But I don't remember anything else.”” Injuries: none mentioned. [CNN3]


21 - Akram Mohamed Saleh, held “about two months.”
He told Amnesty International: “I was in shock when the grenades exploded. There was so much confusion around me, smoke all around.” Injuries: During the escape, he sustained a gunshot wound to his left leg, as well as injuries to his head from exploding grenades. Saleh and 19 other detainees managed to escape, and at least four of them sought medical treatment at a Tripoli hospital.” [AI] No further citations or details. The hospital is apparently Tripoli Medical Center, where Dr. Salem al-Farjani was working. (see sub-section 2.5)

22 - Hisham Al Taher Al-Sari, Zlitan, held five days.
Arrested August 18, held at Yarmouk until “Check-out 23/8/2011”… the rest is confusing. (Arabic, auto-translated) [FB2] Facebook list of 40, entry #4 [FB1]

23 – Bashir Mohammed al-Sedik, held 95 days.
Bashir al-Sedik, CBC video, the hole
in the wall visible behind him [CBC]
Bashir al-Siddeq (phoenetic) [CBC] Bachir Mohammed Sedik [LM] Mohammed Bashir Germani [AG] Apparently seen in ZlitenHorra video [VZH]. Clues matching #18 Omar: held there for 95 days, he said, "accused of helping the rebels." The massacre happened "Monday night," the 22nd He has things in his shirt pockets like packs of cigarettes. Shown breaking down in tears on camera. [CBC] “Arrested three months ago for helping demonstrators to flee to Tunisia.” [AG] Manner of escape: “when [the soldiers] went to re-load their guns, he crawled over bodies to a hole in the wall, and in the chaos, escaped.” [CBC] See inset – that’s the hole behind him. “Then, hidden behind a wall, he heard the screams, shots, cries for help, before seeing the fire lit.” [LM] Injuries: “I was not hurt” [AG]
Mr. Senussi, #24[CTV]


24 - Abed Rizaq Ghazim Senussi, Gadames
Named in full, from “Grames,” presumably Gadames. “35 people escaped as the guards were reloading their weapons, according to a survivor, Abed Rizaq Ghazim Senussi from the city of Grames, he being one of them.” [DBS] Named and shown on video (see right)  [CTV], shown, matching CTV, and specified as preferring to remain anonymous. He was shown pointing to the victims outside the shed on mattresses, apparently explaining them. [HV/HB] No further details.

I.O. Zadan, Rowan
Griffiths photo [MF]
25 – Ibrahim Omar Zadan (Zlitan?)
A young man who knows Mohammed Bashir – he “spotted another survivor, Ibrahim Zadan, and the pair embraced in tears.” A photo by Rowan Griffiths shows both men, with meta-info clarifying which is which, and adding “Omar.” [MF] Facebook list #38 [FB1] Nothing further. He seems to be the shy and quiet type.

26 - Moktar Mahmoud Zedan, 22/23, Zlitan, arrested June 17
#26 M. M. Zedan, from
ZlitenHorra video [VZH]
La-Croix.com: Moktar Mahmoud Zedan [LC] Translated, from a video description in Arabic: Mukhtar Mahmoud Zadam [VZH] Same name, account on Facebook: born 1988, Zliten [FB5] Facebook list #40 also the same. [FB1] The video is in Arabic, but the description “tells how he survived a horrific massacre at the Khamis batallion camp in Tripoli and the sequence of events and the names of the criminals who have killed and burned 53 and the name of the officer who issued a warrant of murder and believed that the number of victims of the massacre reached 150 martyrs.” [VZH] He was “arrested on Friday, 6/17/2011 … by some of the volunteers in the city of Zliten, with some of his cousins for being a family Zadam, which was attended by some of her children in the events of June 9” [FB5] Manner of escape: he “owes his survival to the mercy of a guard," unnamed. "He let me go while the soldiers, short of ammunition, went to reload," he said. The young man ran to a farm several miles away.” [LC] Injuries: none mentioned.

27 – Unnamed, Zlitan
Youtube video, professional quality, from an Arab news channel apparently, is said to show “a young man from Zliten [who] tells the story of his suffering and death after surviving an attempt execution…” [YTZ] It was found linked from Yarmouk holocaust pages, so apparently connected, and the face isn’t immediately recognizable as anyone else. The CIWCL cannot tell what he is saying or if he is even named in the video.

28 – Unnamed, held nearly three months
The unnamed host of the video What Happened at Yarmouk was an escapee, specifying a detention from June 1 to August 23. [FGM] He said thousands were killed there over the months, gave many descriptions of torture and deprivations and the prison trucks, all with an unnerving permanent grin. Manner of escape: “I was one of the people who crawled out through this opening,” pointing, from outside, that was created by the grenade blasts. “We went out through this opening, went to the wall and jumped down.” [FGM 3:56] Injuries: none mentioned.

(Alleged) Escapees, Second-Hand Accounts (7)
* = now deceased

1 - Rajab Adhedia (Zlitan?)
A survivor of Yarmouk, apparently from Zlitan, who is said to have sworn to R.M. Jabr’s status as escaped, but died anyway. Jabr’s son on Facebook: “[O]ne of the survivors, a Rajab Adhedia where he stated that he found my father lying in front of one house on 26 \ 8 \ 2011.” [FB6] This must have been on returning to the scene, or possibly after two-plus days hiding nearby. Facebook list of 40, #3.[FB1] No further details.

2/3 - Abdulaziz Faraj El Bahbah, Abdul Razak Abdullah El Bahbah (Zlitan?)
Cousins of Tahir El Bahbah, spoken of by him as arrested with him June 18 and sent to Yarmouk the next day. Arrested Third cousin, Ali Mohamed el Bahbah, apparently died. These other two are listed on the Facebook list of 40, as entries #26 and #30. [FB1]

*4 Ramadan Mahmoud Jabr, 67/68, Zlitan, held four days
Born 1943, arrested at home on August 19, the same day rebels forcefully conquered most of the city. His son, nearly arrested too but a better runner, looked for Ramadan, and soon heard from returning survivors of Yarmouk he had been there. One Rajab Adhedia said the elder Jabr had survived the massacre on the 23rd and escaped somehow, but was left alone bleeding until the 26th, found in front of a house. He died on August 27, of injuries and diabetes-related illness. [FB6]

5/*6 - Abdulsalam and Hussain, last name unknown, Zlitan
Brothers from Zlitan, fled with A. I. Bashir and hid in an empty house. Hussein ied of injuries, his body left in the house to rot. [AL] This could be the explanation for the apparently black-skinned man found brutally killed in an empty house next to the massacre shed. [ABC1]

* 7 - The Man on the Stairs (name unknown)
One of the very few known black prisoners, no one knows who he is. But the rebels say he was shot in the back running across the yard, climbed the south wall, and died bleedin on the stairs on the other side. [CBC] None of that explains the apparent gouging-out of his eyeballs. (see article 3.2.4)

Possible Escapees (31)
(Those simply called “a survivor,” giving clues of being one, etc. - primarily from the Facebook list, most likely all from Zlitan)

1 -Mukhtar H'dyah Muftar Abussnah
Facebook list, entry #12 [FB1]
2 - Mohammad Jubran Ahbich
Entry #37 [FB1]
3 - Hamza Salem Akdarh
[FB1 #32]
4 - Abdelsalam 'ebdalhmyd 'ebdalslam Almbq'e
[FB1 #34]
5 - Milad Ibrahim Khalifa Alshahuba
[FB1 #25]
6 - Abdel Salam M'Hamed Andishe
[FB1 #16]
7 - Mahmoud Mohamed Andishe
[FB1 #22]
8 – Taha (Tarrar) Abdul Salam Andishe
[FB1 #18]
9 - Farouk Mohamed Andishe
[FB1 #20]
10 - Ahmed Muftar Arbash
[FB1 #15]
11 - Ela(the?) Fathallah Al-Ashter
[FB1 #9] distinct from #5, #11
12 - Hakim Fathallah Al-Ashter
[FB#11]
13 - Joseph Dehom
[FB1 #33]
14 - Ahmed Aahmoudh 'Ela
[FB1 #19]
15 - Ousama el Gardim, Zlitan
Photo, Zlitan, September 2: “Ousama el Gardim was tortured for several days before being transferred to Tripoli, where he survived the massacre of up to 150 men, allegedly committed by loyalist forces.” [SM1]
16 - Ahmed Mohamed Hadid
[FB1 #17]
17 - Saleh Muftar Hadid
[FB1 #7]
18 - Isa Hanafi
[FB1 #35]
19 - Mahmoud Hanash
[FB1 #31]
20 - Mostafa Hashemi
[FB1 #29]
21 - Nur al-Din al-Hashemi
[FB1 #27]
22 - Khaled Khalef Khebir, Souq al-Juma Tripoli
“They [Mr. Kebir and his brother Abdulkhalim] disappeared five months ago and had been transferred from one place to another,” another man explained. [EN] Otherwise, it sounds like a man whose brother only was held there, where he returned to see if he could be identified.
23 - Mohammed Zhirmohamd Bin Masoud
[FB1 #6]
24 - Abdulsalam Mohammed Khalil Muftar
[FB1 #39]
25 - Abu Bakr Mohammed Nofal
[FB1 #21]
26 - Osama Hussein Salem
[FB#14] (a judge?)
27 - Mohammed Ahmedullah Al Sari
[FB1 #2]
28 - Sabri Tabbal
It’s unclear if he’s an escapee or just a onetime prisoner. He speaks in Youtube video, one of the survivors of “the Yarmouk holocaust camp,” making “an appeal for families of martyrs.” [YT8] He’s seen visiting the site in a video, speaking of his detention there. [FGM]
29 - Ibrahim Abdullah Zadam
[FB1 #36] distinct from #38 Ibrahim Omar Zadam
30 - Salem Abdelsalam Ibn Zahyh
[FB1 #10]
31 - Unnamed
From [VZH] video where the others are named [seen at 4:28]

Local Witnesses (12)
1 - Salem Abdul
2 - Abdul Basit (family name not given), 42
3 - Ali Boukhatwa
4 – Ahmed al-Farjani
5- Abdelmenem Faraj Labani
6 - Nouri Massoud
7 - Khaled Oub
8 - Abdulatif Rafaii, 42
9- Dr. Salem Rajab
10 - Ahmed Tayel (ph)
11 - Ahmed Zaydan, 32
12 - Unnamed

Alleged Executioners (3+)
1 - Ibrahim Sideq Khalifa
2 - Laskhar (pseudonym)
3 - Brigadier [028]
Others?

Shed Prisoners at Other Times (10)

1 - Abdul Hadi Abusheiwa/ Abu Shahayna, judge
2 - "Ali" (pseudonym), day laborer, Az Zawiya
3 - Moayed Burani / Moiayad Abu Ghraim, 28
4 - Abdullah Salim Al-Dweeb, 50
5/6/7 - Feras Kilani/Kelani, Goktay Koraltan, Chris Cobb-Smith, BBC News team
8 - Jamal Rabbani/al-Ragai, Tajoura, Tripoli, Lieutenant Colonel/rebel commander
9 – Imam Sayyid Moussa al-Sadr
10 - Abu Bakr Tabib

Shed Massacre Report: Sources

April 1, 2012
(rough draft)


<< Khamis Brigade Shed Massacre
      << Report: A Question Mark Over Yarmouk

Following are the sources used in the report, as the listing stands. It's still rough, missing a few, with parts not filled in. I'll update this with the finished version. And I'm not formatting some... however many URLs. Way over a hundred anyway. Copy and paste works fine. Having this page open alongside any report segment will allow one to double-check the claims or seek more info at the sources.
---
[AA] Mass grave found in Tripoli, grisly legacy of Abu Salim jail. AFP via al Arabiya.September 25, 2011. http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/09/25/168659.html
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwh6DyE5M-c
[ABC1] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9AXxq6okv-E
[ABC2] Gaddafi's brutality exposed in Tripoli . ABC News, AM Program. Anne Barker reporting. August 30, 2011, 08:09 http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2011/s3305214.htm
[AE] "NTC discovers two mass graves containing as many as 900 bodies near Tripoli." Al Arabiya English. October 5, 2011. http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/10/05/170384.html
[AG] Anaálisis Global. Los últimos días del régimen de Kadhafi se centran en la rica ciudad portuaria de Sirte. LUNES 29 DE AGOSTO DE 2011
http://analisis-global.blogspot.com/2011/08/los-ultimos-dias-del-regimen-de-kadhafi.html
[AH] Libya: ‘Forced to Rape in Misrata.’ By Andrew Harding, BBC News, May 23, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13502715
[AI] “Libya: Detainees killed by al Gaddafi loyalists.“ Amnesty International, August 26, 2011. http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/libya-detainees-killed-al-gaddafi-loyalists-2011-08-26
[AL] “Muammar Gaddafi’s son Khamis reportedly visited prisoners hours before they were massacred.” Anthony Lloyd. The Australian. Aug 29 http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/muammar-gaddafis-son-khamis-reportedly-visited-prisoners-hours-before-they-were-massacred/story-e6frg6so-1226124330907
[ALV] "A meeting with Dr. Salem Ferjany member of the National Committee to identiy the victims of the war of liberation" (Google translated from Arabic) Posted October 1, 2011 by AlmanaraLibya2020. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1aak3Etl-A
[AM] http://www.manaar.com/vb/archive/index.php/t-30478.html [Google translated from Arabic]
[AOP] Photographs by by Sergei Ponomarev and Giulio Petrocco. http://www.aolnews.com/tag/migrant-workers/photo/
[AP] Retreating Gaddafi forces killed detainees, say survivors. Associated Press.Aug 29, 2011, 12.57AM IST http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/middle-east/Retreating-Gaddafi-forces-killed-detainees-say-survivors/articleshow/9775095.cms
[ATC] http://www.channel4.com/news/evidence-of-libya-massacre-as-remains-of-50-people-found
[AT2] Grim Face of War in Libya, Channel 4/ITN via CNN, August 26, 2011. Posted by Ikon590 on August 26, 2011
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_VlEdcZ9CMs
[BA] Held Libyans 'died after torture' says Amnesty International26 January 2012 Gabriel Gatehouse reports http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-16752601
[BB] Libya protests: massacres reported as Gaddafi imposes news blackout. Ian Black and Owen Bowcott, the Guardian, February 18, 2011. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/feb/18/libya-protests-massacres-reported
[BHH] Libyan rebels detain black Africans as suspected Gaddafi mercenaries. By Ben Hubbard, Associated Press, via Huffington Post. September 1, 2011. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/01/libya-rebels-black-africans_n_944736.html
[BJ] Caught on video: The horrifying proof that Libya's freedom fighters have turned into brutal torturers. By Barbara Jones, Daily Mail, February 11, 2012. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2099957/Video-proof-Libyas-freedom-fighters-turned-brutal-torturers.html
[BL6] Photo by Benjamin Lowy/Getty Images, August 27. http://www2.gettyimageslatam.com/image/86257230
[BL9] Photo by Benjamin Lowy/Getty Images, August 27. http://www2.gettyimageslatam.com/image/86267171
[BL12] Photo by Benjamin Lowy/Getty Images, August 27. http://www2.gettyimageslatam.com/image/86267172
[BT] Horror in Tripoli as Star reporter discovers charred human remains. By David Bruser, The Toronto Star, August 27, 2011. http://www.thestar.com/news/world/article/1045877--horror-in-tripoli-as-star-reporter-discovers-charred-human-remains?bn=1
[C4] Alex Thomson, correspondent, 28 August http://www.channel4.com/news/evidence-of-libya-massacre-as-remains-of-50-people-found
[CBC] CBC News: Libyan massacre site
Charred bodies were discovered in a Tripoli warehouse in an apparent mass execution by pro-Gadhafi forces, Susan Ormiston reports.
Date: 28/08/11 http://video.ca.msn.com/watch/video/libyan-massacre-site/16a8w45nr?cpkey=cbcc2011-2608-1158-0043-210705052600%7C%7C%7C%7C
[CH] Warehouse of Horror: Evidence of a Massacre Found Near Tripoli. By Clemens Höges in Khellet Ferjan, Libya Spiegel Online, International. Aug 29, 2011
http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,783020,00.html
[CICF] http://www.cf2r.org/images/stories/news/201106/libya-report.pdf
[CJC] http://cjchivers.com/post/7567576954/on-the-nyt-more-on-looting-arson-in-libya
[CMG] Dispatch from Libya: the courage of ordinary people standing up to Gaddafi. By Chris McGreal, the Guardian, April 23, 2011. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/apr/23/libya-benghazi-gaddafi-revolution
[CNN1] The Warehouse Massacre. Added On September 13, 2011. CNN's Arwa Damon talks about her experience in Libya and the uncovering of a warehouse where captives were executed. http://edition.cnn.com/video/#/video/international/2011/09/13/ex-damon-warehouse-massacre.cnn
[CNN2] CNN. August 28,2011. http://articles.cnn.com/2011-08-28/world/libya.massacre.report_1_pro-gadhafi-forces-warehouse-libyan-leader-moammar-gadhafi?_s=PM:WORLD
[CNN3] CNN, The Situation Room, transcript, Aug. 29, 2011. http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1108/29/sitroom.01.html
[CNN4] Rebel commander: Khamis Gadhafi, Moammar's son, killed in Libya. CNN wire staff, August 29, 2011. http://articles.cnn.com/2011-08-29/world/libya.khamis.gadhafi_1_rebel-commander-national-transitional-council-rebel-forces?_s=PM:WORLD
[CNN5] BBC journalists describe detention, beatings in Libya. By the CNN wire staff, March 9, 2011. http://articles.cnn.com/2011-03-09/world/libya.bbc.journalists_1_beatings-execution-journalists?_s=PM:WORLD
[CS] Report of the Independent Civil Society Fact-FindingMission to Libya, January 2012. Credited: Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, Arab Organization for Human Rights, International Legal Assistance Consortium. http://www.scribd.com/doc/78822880/Report-of-the-Independent-Civil-Society-Fact-Finding-Mission-to-Libya
[CSM]Christian Science Monitor …
[CTV] http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/MontrealHome/20110828/gadhafi-forces-detainee-statement-110828/
[DBS] From various captions under photos by Daniel Berehulak. Example: http://topics.dallasnews.com/photo/08UO78h5SE0y5?q=Mother
[DEM] IN LIBYA, PRISON POPULATIONS GROW AND QUESTIONS ARISE ABOUT THE MISSING. By David Enders – McClatchy Newspapers – September 18, 2011
http://www.stripes.com/news/africa/in-libya-prison-populations-grow-and-questions-arise-about-the-missing-1.155531
[DKN] http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/28/world/africa/28libya.html?_r=1
[DLF] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JIj9tZhw6Ik
[DPC] Stories of Wrongful Conviction from California. DeathPenalty.org. http://www.deathpenalty.org/article.php?id=407
[DR1] Tripoli awash in guns, rumors amid Gadhafi hunt.CNN, August 25, 2011. http://articles.cnn.com/2011-08-25/world/libya.gadhafi.compound_1_pro-gadhafi-forces-moammar-gadhafi-bab-al-aziziya?_s=PM:WORLD
[DR2] early video, capture
[DR3] later video, cut off - http://www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv%3Djqmb7_Qe2I0
[DSG] Has Gaddafi unleashed a mercenary force on Libya? By David Smith, the Guardian, February 22, 2011. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/feb/22/gaddafi-mercenary-force-libya
[DT] Andrew Gilligan. “Children 'among 180 slaughtered' in Libya.” The Daily Telegraph. August 26, 2011 http://www.canada.com/news/Children+among+slaughtered+Libya/5308114/story.html
http://feb17.info/news/children-among-180-slaughtered-in-tripoli
[EN] More than 50bodies found in Tripoli warehouse. Euronews. August 28, 2011. http://www.euronews.com/2011/08/28/more-than-50-bodies-found-in-tripoli-warehouse/
[EP] Libya and Africa: Pogrom. The Economist, October 12, 2000. http://www.economist.com/research/articlesBySubject/PrinterFriendly.cfm?story_id=392844
[F21] Middle East Live: Libya in crisis - Monday 21 February. The Guardian, February 21, 2011. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/blog/2011/feb/21/libya-uprising-middle-east-protests
[FG] What Happened at Yarmouk. Video, January 2012, by Free Generation Movement. Youtube posting by libyaresistance, January 12, 2012.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIOUO5GwknM
[FB1] The names of some of the survivors of the massacre of prisoners of Yarmouk. Posted October 28, 2011 at 15:16, by Association of Holocaust victims of prisoners of Yarmouk. http://ar-ar.facebook.com/rabta2011/posts/217335248332204
[FB2] http://ar-ar.facebook.com/alyermok/posts/283349771709893
[FB3] Account of Taher El-Bahbah. Arabic language. Undated, apparently posted around November 20, 2012 By “Yarmouk Prison Massacre.” http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=283020658409471&set=pu.265287746849429&type=1
[FB5] Account of Mahmoud Mukhtar Zadam. Posted November 19th, 2011 at 12:56http://ar-ar.facebook.com/alyermok/posts/282549025123301
[FB6] Incident of the arrest of Ramadan Martyr Mahmoud Jaber . Undated. http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=281039615274242&set=pu.265287746849429&type=1&permPage=1
[FBR] Association of Holocaust victims of people detained Yarmuk (translated). Facebook page in Arabic. http://ar-ar.facebook.com/rabta2011
[FGM] “What happened at Yarmouk.” Video by the Free Generation Movement. Posted by Libyaresistance, January 12, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIOUO5GwknM
[FM] Francois Mori photo. http://media.washtimes.com/media/image/2011/08/26/libya_0190_s620x413.jpg?bb008c2956167eaed174995673e3460e6bcf341d
[FP1] Photograph, AFP http://www.whatsonningbo.com/news_images/964c5c6d52343186_4.jpg
[FPN] Libya Mass Grave Stillin Doubt. AFP via News 24. September 27, 2011. http://m.news24.com/news24/Africa/News/Libya-mass-grave-still-in-doubt-20110927
[FPS] Fifty charred skeletons found in Tripoli. By Dominique Soguel, AFP. August 27 http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/fifty-charred-skeletons-found-in-tripoli/story-e6frfku0-1226123709811
http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20110827/world/50-charred-skeletons-found-near-gaddafi-military-base.382075
[GM] Google Maps. Location of Yarmouk base. August 2011 imagery. Accessed March 3 2012.
http://maps.google.com/maps?q=Khamis+massacre+warehouse+meters&hl=en&ll=32.774105,13.205009&spn=0.008768,0.016866&gbv=2&t=h&z=16
[GM2] Google Maps. Location of “mercenary base.” August 2011 imagery. Accessed March 25 2012. http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=32.769951,13.186348&spn=0.002481,0.004128&t=h&z=19&lci=com.panoramio.all
[GPF] Foley video, Aug.27
[GPP] Opinion: After Gaddafi, Libya must investigate suspected war crimes committed by all sides. By Richard Sollom, Global Post, January 12, 2012 13:03. http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/opinion/120112/opinion-new-libya-government-must-investigate-gaddafi-massacre
[GPS] Libya: Where are the 50,000 missing prisoners? The grisly discovery of 50 charred bodies has fueled fears. By Tracey Shelton, Global Post, August 29, 2011 09:39 http://mobile.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/middle-east/110829/libya-gaddafi-prisoners-amnesty-international
[HB] Második éjjel a hotel folyosón... By Al GhaouiHesna. August 29, 2011. http://hesna.blog.hu/2011/08/29/masodik_ejjel_a_hotel_folyoson
[HL] “Gadhafi forces killed detainees, survivors say.” Ben Hubbard and Karen Laub, Associated Press. August 28, 2011. http://www.seattlepi.com/news/article/Gadhafi-forces-killed-detainees-survivors-say-2140557.php#ixzz1Wm3Cpgzg
[HLF] http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/44308967/ns/world_news-mideast_n_africa/#.T0zaHfWibC6_By Ben Hubbard and Karin Laub
[HM1] hesham shoshan.wmv. Video uploaded by nmuhmin, April 3, 2011, last accessed March 19 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s974bxcRWJw
[HM2] Nueva toma de un crímen ya conocido. July 30, 2011. http://hator-ra.blogspot.com/2011/07/nueva-toma-de-un-crimen-ya-conocido.html
Video Uploaded by libyam1 on Jul 30, 2011 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYdK-tcXNN0
Uploaded by DESINFORMEZ2VOUS on Jun 28, 2011 lastaccessedMarch 19, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmIhGdvweq
[HR] Libya: Evidence Suggests Khamis Brigade Killed 45 Detainees
Bodies Found in Burned Warehouse
AUGUST 29, 2011
http://www.hrw.org/news/2011/08/29/libya-evidence-suggests-khamis-brigade-killed-45-detainees
[HR2] http://www.hrw.org/news/2011/08/28/libya-gaddafi-forces-suspected-executing-detainees
[HV] Youtube video, posted Aug. 29. Al Ghaoui Hesna - Tripoli - 2011.08.28. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zsqe1oTA_RA
[IB]*Graphic* Gaddafi Burns Soldiers Alive who Refuse to Kill Protesters. Videoposted by Ibnomar2005, February 21, 2011. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92lmKpNMOvI
[IT] “Fears grow of yet undiscovered mass graves.” Mary Fitzgerald. Irish Times.September 6, 2011. http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2011/0906/1224303592428.html
[ITN] Video description: http://www.itnsource.com/shotlist//RTV/2011/11/24/RTV3400611/?s=khamis&st=0&pn=1
[JD] "Pro-Qaddafi ‘mass murderer’ awaits fate in Libyan jail." By Jay Deshmukh, AFP January 31 2012.
http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/editorial-analysis/20-analysis-opinions/19395-pro-gaddafi-mass-murderer-awaits-fate-in-libya-jail.html
http://feb17.info/news/pro-gaddafi-mass-murderer-awaits-fate-in-libya-jail/
http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/01/31/191670.html
[JG] http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2011/10/16/libya-gaddafi-s-reign-of-terror.html
[JL] http://journalisted.com/article/28nvw
[JR] Hier Liess de Diktator Noch vor Einer Woche Sein Gegner Töten. By Julian Reichelt. Bild. August 28, 2011. 23:54 http://www.bild.de/politik/ausland/muammar-gaddafi/bild-reporter-in-der-hinrichtungsstaette-des-diktators-19638796.bild.html
[JT] “En Libye, dans l’effroi d’un charnier.” By Jean-Louis Le Touzet. Libération. August 29, 2011.
http://www.liberation.fr/monde/01012356724-en-libye-dans-l-effroi-d-un-charnier
[KL] Gadhafi forces killed detainees, survivors say. Karin Laub.
AP foreign, via the Guardian. Sunday August 28 2011
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/9819413
[KS] Here Gaddafi's men trapped their prey – then threw in the grenades
Kim Sengupta. The Independent, Sept. 10, 2011
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/here-gaddafis-men-trapped-their-prey-ndash-then-threw-in-the-grenades-2352195.html
[L7M] The Tripoli Massacres: Seven more at Bab al-Aziziyah. By Adam Larson, Libyan Civil War: Critical Views, posted December 1 2011, last update December 8 2011. http://libyancivilwar.blogspot.com/2011/11/tripoli-massacres-seven-more-at-bab-al.html
[LAS] Mercenary Myths I: The Aruba School Captives. By Adam Larson Libyan Civil War: Critical Views, posted October 24 2011, last update November 12 2011. http://libyancivilwar.blogspot.com/2011/10/mercenary-myths-aruba-school-captives.html
[LBB] Video Study: Benghazi Beheading. By Adam Larson Libyan Civil War: Critical Views, posted September 16 2011. http://libyancivilwar.blogspot.com/2011/09/video-study-benghazi-beheading.html
[LBC] BBC Arabic report: Imam Musa Sadr’s remains buried on a farm in Tripoli. LBC International, October 20 2011. http://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/7687/bbc-arabic-report-imam-musa-sadrs-remains-buried
[LBR] http://libyancivilwar.blogspot.com/2011/11/sirte-massacres-10-victims-burnt-run.html
[LBS] http://libyancivilwar.blogspot.com/2011/04/behind-scenes-of-al-baida-massacre.html
[LC] En Libye, les deux camps ont commis des exactions [In Libya, both sides have committed atrocities] La-Croix.com. 30/8/11
http://www.la-croix.com/Actualite/S-informer/Monde/En-Libye-les-deux-camps-ont-commis-des-exactions-_EP_-2011-08-30-705009
[LCT] http://www.ctvbc.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/print/CTVNews/20110828/foreigners-evacute-tripoli-110828/20110828/?hub=BritishColumbiaHome&subhub=PrintStory
[LDR] http://libyancivilwar.blogspot.com/2011/12/tripoli-massacres-18-by-dry-riverbed.html
[LF] http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2011/08/28/97001-20110828FILWWW00197-libye-le-regime-accuse-de-massacres.php
Libye: le régime accusé de massacres
AP Publié le 28/08/2011 à 18:46
[LF2] De Tripoli à Syrte, l'ultime bataille en Libye. Adrien Jaulmes
28/08/2011 à 09:26 http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2011/08/28/01003-20110828ARTFIG00267-se-tripoli-a-syrte-l-ultime-bataille-en-libye.php
[LH] Lindsey Hilsum, reporting for ITN News, via PBS, video with transcript.
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/world/july-dec11/libya_08-25.html
Air date: August 25. Video segment starts 4:35. Alternate video source:
http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid601325122001?bckey=AQ~~,AAAAAEabvr4~,Wtd2HT-p_Vh4qBcIZDrvZlvNCU8nxccG&bctid=1128958791001
[LK] See-Through Salem: A "Dr. Salim," a "Mr. al Farjani," and a Key Escapee. By Adam Larson/Caustic Logic. http://libyancivilwar.blogspot.com/2012/01/khamis-brigade-shed-massacre-dr-salm-mr.html
[LL1] Mercenary found dead in al Zawiya battle.Video posted by Pimpin87 March 5, 2011. Last accessed March 21, 2012. http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=fc7_1299347936
[LL2] Libyan freedom fighters take pity on Nigerian mercenaries: South of Az-Zintan. Video posted by Mr-Creosote, Live Leak, May 20,2011. Last accessed March 20, 2012. http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=67d_1305912135
[LLC] http://www.lapatilla.com/site/2011/08/28/consiguen-mas-evidencia-de-la-matanza-en-libia-imagenes-fuertes/a-rebel-fighter-walks-near-the-bodies-of-fellow-rebels-at-the-khamis-32-military-encampment-in-southern-tripoli/
[LLF] Khamis Brigade Shed Massacre: The Local Fighters. By Adam Larson Libyan Civil War: Critical Views, posted January 18 2012, last update March 25 2012. http://libyancivilwar.blogspot.com/2012/01/khamis-brigade-shed-massacre-local.html
[LM] A Tripoli, l’horreur d’un charnier dans une prison secrète du régime
Par Le Matin DZ/LeMonde | 29/08/2011 13:30:00
http://www.lematindz.net/news/5221-a-tripoli-lhorreur-dun-charnier-dans-une-prison-secrete-du-regime.html
translated using Google translate
[LMH] http://libyancivilwar.blogspot.com/2011/10/sirte-massacres-42-bodies-by-muttassims.html
[LRV] http://libyancivilwar.blogspot.com/2011/09/tripoli-massacres-slashing-and-dumping.html
[LTH] The Tripoli Massacres: Abu Salim Trauma Hospital. By Adam Larson, Libyan Civil War: Critical Views. Posted August 30, 2011, last edits October 6. http://libyancivilwar.blogspot.com/2011/08/tripoli-massacres-abu-salim-trauma.html
[LWB] http://libyancivilwar.blogspot.com/2011/11/sirte-massacres-10-in-water-basin-13.html
[LMS] http://libyancivilwar.blogspot.com/2012/03/khamis-brigade-shed-massacre-minimum.html
[MCH] http://news.monstersandcritics.com/africa/news/article_1621517.php/Human-rights-group-130-mutinous-Libyan-soldiers-slain-Extra
[MD1] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pl3CEobKQe0
[MD2] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBLGYUz6QiA
[MF] Libya: rebels imprisoned in baking shed before being gunned down and burned alive
by Martin Fricker, Daily Mirror 29/08/2011. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2011/08/29/libya-rebels-imprisoned-in-baking-shed-before-being-gunned-down-and-burned-alive-115875-23379749/
[MG] Libya celebrates February 17th anniversary. By Asmaa Elourfi, Magharebia, February 19, 2012. http://magharebia.com/cocoon/awi/xhtml1/en_GB/features/awi/features/2012/02/19/feature-01
[MS] Battle for Libya | Sept. 8, 2011. Photo credit: Moises Saman for The New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2011/09/08/world/africa/20110909_LIBYA.html
[N24] http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Rebels-capture-last-army-base-in-Tripoli-20110827
[NL] http://www.nowlebanon.com/NewsArchiveDetails.aspx?ID=306016
[NLT] Gadhafi accused of genocide against his own people. By Miret el Naggar, Jonathan S. Landay and Margaret Talev | McClatchy Newspapers, February 21, 2011.
http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2011/02/21/109161/gadhafi-accused-of-genocide-against.html
[NO] http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/grad/solcalc/
location set visually, time zone” 2 , 23August 2011. Apparent sunset given: 19:44
[NP] Rebels claim capture of last army base in Tripoli. The News (Pakistan). Sunday, August 28, 2011. http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=65109&Cat=1
first half report:
[NS] Libyan plan to trace mass graves and missing people. By Andy Coghlan. New Scientist, October 26, 2011. http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn21086-libyan-plan-to-trace-mass-graves-and-missing-people.html
[NTW] Gaddafi is Killing us with his African Mercenaries! By N. Thompson. MyWeku.com, March 20, 2011. http://www.myweku.com/2011/02/gaddafi-is-killing-us-with-his-african-mercenaries/
[NYP] Khadafy holdouts slaughter 150in warehouse. By Bill Sanderson, New York Post, August 28 2011, 12:53 AM. http://www.nypost.com/p/news/international/khadafy_holdouts_slaughter_in_warehouse_Wj5czSKDav284uXlZEhHXM
[O24] http://observers.france24.com/content/20110222-charred-bodies-found-barracks-Benghazi-libya-Gaddafi
[OG] Orla Guerin. Libya: Inside Tripoli's warehouse of horror
BBC News. 29 August 11 05:34 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile/world-africa-14705519
[PC] Amnesty questions claim that Gaddafi ordered rape as weapon of war. By Patrick Cocburn. The Independent. June 24, 2011. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/amnesty-questions-claim-that-gaddafi-ordered-rape-as-weapon-of-war-2302037.html
[PHR] Physicians for Human Rights. ...
[PTV] 130 Libyan soldiers executed for mutiny. Press TV, February 24, 2011. 12:45 am. http://www.presstv.ir/detail/166757.html
[RH1] Ron Haviv/VII photo, August 27, 2011. http://viiphoto.wg.picturemaxx.com/webgate/preview.php?UURL=25c68d12e67e728e09ad79e7906abef7&IMGID=00109061
[RH2] Ron Haviv/VII photo, August 27, 2011. http://viiphoto.wg.picturemaxx.com/webgate/preview.php?UURL=4c2a2816fac8046f2cfb0a2e2f7f2857&IMGID=00109007
[RH3] Ron Haviv/VII photo, August 27, 2011. http://viiphoto.wg.picturemaxx.com/webgate/preview.php?UURL=25c68d12e67e728e09ad79e7906abef7&IMGID=00109201
[RH4] Ron Haviv/VII photo, August 27, 2011. http://viiphoto.wg.picturemaxx.com/webgate/preview.php?UURL=25c68d12e67e728e09ad79e7906abef7&IMGID=00109199
[RI] Muammar Gaddafi caught hiding like a 'rat' Reuters, via Times of India. October 20, 2011, 10.26PM IST http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/middle-east/Muammar-Gaddafi-caught-hiding-like-a-rat/articleshow/10431885.cms
[RP] The car was armoured like a tank. But that wasn't enough to save Gaddafi's son Khamis when the rebels took their vengeance
Richard Pendlebury, Daily Mail, Sept.2, 2011
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2032801/Khamis-Gaddafi-killed-Rebels-took-vengeance-despite-car-armoured-like-tank.html
[RP2]http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1360457/Libya-Inside-Benghazi-court-Gaddafis-mercenaries.html
[RR] Reuters Video 7117 “LIBYA-BODIES DISCOVERED” Posted August 29 by NewsLook
Andrew Raven reports. Filmed August 28. http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xkrjyf_libyan-rebels-discover-bodies_news - http://www.reuters.com/video/2011/08/28/libyan-rebels-discover-bodies%3FvideoId%3D218774205
[RS1] Richard Spencer, Telegraph, Aug 28, 9:50 PMBST
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8728597/Libya-last-act-of-bloody-vengeance-by-Khamis-Brigade.html
[RS2] Syria's rebels are not an al-Qaeda army. Richard Spencer. The Telegraph. February20, 2012.
http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/richardspencer/100138473/syrias-rebels-are-not-an-al-qaeda-army/
[RWN] Robert F. Worth. The Surreal Ruins of Qaddafi's Never-Never Land." The New York Times. Sep 21, 2011.
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/25/magazine/the-surreal-ruins-of-qaddafis-never-never-land.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all
[SB] Qaddafi’s Abattoir: By Saad Basir.Warscapes. Undated. (Jan. 2012?)
http://www.warscapes.com/reportage/qaddafis-abattoir
[SD1] Dagher, Tawergha…
[SD2] Revenge Feeds instability in Libya by Sam Dagher, Wall Street Journal, September 13, 2011. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111903532804576564861187966284.html
[SG] World court prosecutor views alleged Libyan massacre site. By Rami Al-Shaheibi and Vanessa Gera, Associated Press. November 24, 2011.
http://articles.boston.com/2011-11-24/news/30495416_1_misrata-khadafy-loyalists-luis-moreno-ocampo
[SF] Grim Evidence of Fighting’s Toll Becomes Clearer in Libya. By Anthony Shadid and Kareem Fahim, New York Times, August 26, 2011. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/27/world/africa/27libya.html?_r=1
[SM1] Seamus Murphy/VII photo, September 2, 2011
http://viiphoto.wg.picturemaxx.com/id/preview.php?UURL=190c217b10e0a48df2477882017f33c6&SECTION=SERIESRESULT&IMGID=00109337
[SM2] Seamus Murphy/VII photo, September 2, 2011
http://viiphoto.wg.picturemaxx.com/id/preview.php?UURL=190c217b10e0a48df2477882017f33c6&SECTION=SERIESRESULT&IMGID=00109339
[SM3] Seamus Murphy/VII photo, August 27, 2011 http://www.viiarchive.com/webgate/preview.php?TABPREV=PREVIEW&SECTION=SEARCHRESULT&IMGID=00109398
[SM4] Seamus Murphy/VII photo, August 27, 2011. http://www.viiarchive.com/webgate/preview.php?TABPREV=PREVIEW&SECTION=SEARCHRESULT&IMGID=00109406
[SM7] Seamus Murphy/VII photo, August27, 2011. http://viiphoto.wg.picturemaxx.com/id/preview.php?UURL=0ba30f5072e48a7b4ef723b0b2cac171&IMGID=00109414
[SM10] Seamus Murphy/VII photo, August27, 2011. http://viiphoto.wg.picturemaxx.com/id/preview.php?UURL=0ba30f5072e48a7b4ef723b0b2cac171&IMGID=00109417
[SN1] Sky News first broadcast, Aug 27. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2cLADLAitVI
[SN2] Sky News second broadcast, Aug. 27. http://news.sky.com/home/video/16057981
[SND] Barry Scheck, Peter Neufeld, and Jim Dwyer. Actual Innocence. New York, Doubleday, 2000.
[T1] http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8721573/Libya-August-24-as-it-happened.html
[T2] http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8723976/Libya-August-25-as-it-happened.html
[T3] Human Slaughterhouse discovered in Tripoli: Rebel forces mopping up the last remnants of Gaddafi regime resistance in Tripoli have discovered a warehouse containing the charred skeletons of scores of prisoners killed and burned as troops fled. By Richard Spencer and Andrew Gilligan. The Telegraph. 9:13PM BST 27 Aug 2011. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8727498/Human-slaughterhouse-discovered-in-Tripoli.html
[TI] D.A. vows to probe wrongful conviction. By Seth Rosenfeld, San Frasisco Chronicle via Truth Injustice. August 30, 2003 http://truthinjustice.org/tennison-goff.htm
[TK] 'Cleansed' Libyan town spills its terrible secrets. By Tarik Kafala. BBC News Magazine. 12 December 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-16051349
[TM] http://tomathon.com/mphp/2011/02/libyas-african-mercenary-problem/
[TMF] Libyan Residents Flee to Western Border to Escape Violence
By Tadek Markowski Fox News. Published August 05, 2011. http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/08/05/libyan-residents-flee-to-western-border-to-escape-violence/#ixzz1pnffDA3z
[TP] “Evidence of 'Mass Killing' by the Libyan Dictator's Forces Found In Tripoli.” The Tripoli Post. August 27, 2011. http://tripolipost.com/articledetail.asp?c=1&i=6777
[TR] Roundtable with Dr. Salem Alferjani on enforced disappearances on 14 March. TRIAL. http://www.trial-ch.org/en/about-trial/trial-acts/details/article/table-ronde-avec-dr-salem-alferjani-sur-les-disparitions-forcees-en-libye-le-14-mars.html?tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=1188&cHash=abc199149c7baf9e83f8ed7ee20fba01
[TRS] The headless corpse, the mass grave and worrying questions about Libya's rebel army By Ruth Sherlock, Al-Qawalish, The Telegraph, 7:00PM BST 20 Jul 2011 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8650436/The-headless-corpse-the-mass-grave-and-worrying-questions-about-Libyas-rebel-army.html
[TV] Telegraph video, August 28. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5SBvHacJgY
[TVM] Libyan rebels arrest men they suspect of being mercenaries. The Telegraph, August 28 2011, 3:05PM BST. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/libya-video/8728087/Libyan-rebels-arrest-men-they-suspect-of-being-mercenaries.html
[UH] UN Human Rights Commission Report on abuses in Libya, advance unedited version, March 2 2012. A/HRC/19/68. Relevant section, pp. 67-71. Direct document download link:
http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session19/A_HRC_19_68_en.doc
[UM] http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/sgt2817.doc.htm
[UNO] UN OCHR (Office for Co-ordination of Humanitarian Affairs) Report no 55, 8 September 2011
[VBM] Video uploaded by mohamed21291 on Feb 16, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Ct-Rd1fFE4 Last accessed March 31, 2012.
[VEN] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5Ai3IG50Z4. Last accessed March 5, 2012.
[VG] Doctor helps search for many missing in Libyan war
Vanessa Gera. Associated Press, December 10, 2011
http://www.newsvine.com/_news/2011/12/10/9351680-doctor-helps-search-for-many-missing-in-libyan-war
http://www.greenwichcitizen.com/news/article/Doctor-helps-search-for-many-missing-in-Libyan-war-2394247.php
http://feb17.info/news/doctor-helps-search-for-many-missing-in-libyan-war/
[VZH] "Survivors of the massacre of the Yarmouk camp telling details of the massacre." Libya: Massacre de la base de Yarmouk en Libye
Uploaded by ZlitenHorra on Aug 28, 2011
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jBxAIVsmnw0
[WB] Qaddafi’s Abattoir. By SaadBasir. Warscapes. Undated (app. January, 2012)
http://www.warscapes.com/reportage/qaddafis-abattoir
[WC] Time and date.com. Sunrise and Sunset in Tripoli, for August 27, 2011. http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/astronomy.html?n=252&month=8&year=2011&obj=sun&afl=-11&day=1
[WT] http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/aug/26/gadhafi-forces-massacre-detainees-two-sites/#.TlfsTHc9SiM.twitter
[YA] Why in religion of Islam,is forbidden the cremation? Question by Onasis, andwerby Aaj. Yahoo Answers. http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080206070402AAbg1Xm
[YK1] Yuri Kozyrev photo/Noor Images, August 27, 2011. No direct URL: image #17in this slideshow: http://www.noorimages.com/index.php?id=7003
[YT8] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=soVI32OyvbI
[YTZ] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zg13-gM2HPk&feature=share
linked from Association of Holocaust Victims of Yarmouk Prison
http://ar-ar.facebook.com/rabta2011
[ZS] http://www.za3fran.net/vb/showthread.php?p=14628